Aragorn II:

He was born in the year 2931 of the Third Age of the Sun. Throughout his life, Aragorn went under many names, including:

Strider:
This was the name that he used in the Bree-area, and the one that Merry and Pippin were the most comfortable using. I don't think he chose the name, as (LOTR.265-266) he says: Travellers scowl at us and countrymen give us scornful names. "Strider" I am to one fat man who lives within a day's march of foes that would freeze his heart, or or lay his little town in ruin, if he were not guarded ceaselessly.
Dúnadan:
This is the name often used in Rivendell. It is elvish and translates as Bilbo says: But I thought you knew enough Elvish at least to know dún-adan: Man of the West, Númenorean. (LOTR.249)
Elessar:
This is the name foretold for Aragorn, and was chosen for him by the people he later ruled. The name came from the gift of the elftstone from Galadriel, during the Company of the Ring's stay in Lothlórien.
Thorongil:
This was the name he used on one of his expeditions to Gondor and Rohan, during the reign of the Steward Ecthellion II. It translates as "Eägle of the Star" because of the star of the North he wore on his cloak.

Aragorn met Arwen in Rivendell when he was 20 in the year 2951. He fell in love with her and was told that Elrond would not wed his daughter to any other than the King of both the North Kingdom (Arnor) and Gondor. This finally happened after the War of the Ring in the year 3019 of the Third Age. During the War of the Ring, Aragorn acted as the guide of the Company of the Ring from Moria, to the falls of Rauros, after which he was in pursuit of the orcs that had taken captive Merry and Pippin. From the Paths of the Dead, Aragorn acted as a captain of the armies of the West, and after the Battle of the Pelennor Fields as the commander of the Host of the West.

After the War of the Ring, Aragorn ruled the Reunited Kingdom until the year 120 of the Fourth Age, when he laid down his life of his own free will as was once the custom for the Númenorean Kings.