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Athelas: An herb brought from Númenor. In the rightful king's hands it acted
as a cure for many ills. Aragorn used it in his attempt to heal
Frodo of the wound caused by the Morgul-knife, though with little
success. The dried leaves were more effective in the injuries sustained
in the Mines of Moria however. Athelas was especially effective
against the Black Shadow, as it affected Merry, Éowyn and Faramir.
It did not grow wild in Middle-Earth, except in the areas where
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Asea Aranion: Athelas, as it is called in the Valinorean Tongue.
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Arod: A horse of Rohan. Arod is described as being a lighter horse and
also a bit more hot blooded than the usual Rohirrim mount. This
was the horse loaned to Legolas and Gimli.
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Asfaloth: The horse that Glorfindel was riding when he found Frodo, Sam, Merry,
Pippin and Aragorn at the Last Bridge.
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Alfirin: This golden flower was known to grown in Lebennin.
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The Ages of the Trees: The ages that passed while the Two Trees were alive. They were
only counted within Aman.
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The Ages of the Stars: These passed outside Aman, while the Trees lived, and after the
Two Trees died, until the first rising of the Sun.
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The Ages of the Lamps: These lasted from the time that Almaren, the island that the Valar
made their home, until the assault by Melkor, in which the Lamps
were toppled. The Ages of the Lamps ended in fire and war.
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The Ages of the Sun: These lasted from the first rising of the Sun until present day. There were four Ages recorded: 
The First Age of the Sun (The Elder Days)
The Second Age of the Sun (Sometimes counted in the Elder Days)
The Third Age of the Sun
The Fourth Age of the Sun (The Dominion of Men)
More information can be found under the individual entries for
each of the Ages, under Events in Middle-Earth or Timeline for the History of Middle-Earth.
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Bill: The pony bought from Bill Ferney in Bree. He had a talent for finding paths and
became friends with Samwise Gamgee. Bill carried their packs from
Bree to Rivendell and then to the East Gate of Moria. The Hobbits found him again in Bree on their return.
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Bëornings: Men, ruled by the descendants of Bëorn. They lived between the
Misty Mountains and Erebor and Dale.
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Bumpkin: One of the ponies belonging to Merry. Bumpkin was named such during
the hobbits stay with Tom Bombadil. When the Prancing Pony Inn was
raided, the ponies fled to Bombadil, who later sent them to Butterbur.
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Crebain: A type of bird native to Dunland, possibly some type of crow. Aragorn saw them in Hollin while travelling with the Company of the Ring, where
they were obviously being used as spies by either Saruman or Sauron
or both.
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The travel food of the Lake-men. Not very tasty, and very very
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Corsairs: Many of the Corsairs were originally Black Númenoreans, who followed
Sauron. The Corsairs of Umbar were a long-time scourge of Gondor,
attacking the coastal towns and the harbors such as Pelargir. The
sails of the ships were black and the Corsairs used slave labour, many of whom had been captured in Gondor,
to aid the propulsion of their ships. Their main harbor was most
likely Umbar, as they were known as "The Corsairs of Umbar". Their
number was reduced by Thorongil in the later years of the Third
Age and their last recorded attack was in the War of the Ring, where
they were forstalled by Aragorn and the Grey Company along with
the Dead Men of Dunharrow.
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The Circles of the World: The world and the heavens surrounding us. |
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Cirth: The runic lettering designed by Daeron, the minstrel of Doriath during the Ages of the Stars. This form of letters was designed for inscriptions on hard materials such as stone and wood. As such, it is formed of straight lines. Though it was not especially popular among the Sindar until somewhat later, the cirth were soon in common use among the Dwarves. These were the runes in which the inscription on the tomb of Balin was written, though they were there called Daeron's Runes by Gandalf. This form of lettering was also called the Cirtar. |
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The Dúnedain: The Men of the West, those descended from the survivors of the
destruction of Númenor. The Dúnedain of the south founded the kingdom
of Gondor, while those of the north founded Arnor. The surviving
Dúnedain of the North Line after the death of its last King became
the Rangers, who protected places like the Bree-land and The Shire.
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The Dead Men of Dunharrow: Ghosts, fated never to rest until they fulfill an oath they broke to Isildur. They fulfilled that oath in the days of Aragorn, during the War of the Ring in 3019, after which they never disturbed Middle-Earth again. Freed from the curse laid upon them by Isildur, they probably left the Circles of the World as is the fate for all of the Atani. The oath sworn by those who later became the Dead men of
Dunharrow was to aid Isildur in his fight against Sauron. When the
time came for them to fight for him, he found that they had allied
themselves with Sauron. However, his curse so frightened them that
they remained at home, and fought on neither side of the war.
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Dwimmerlaik: The Rohirrim word for any ghosts. These included the Lord of the
Nazgûl. For so he was called by Éowyn.
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Dalemen: The Men of Dale, both before its destruction by the dragon Smaug
and after it was rebuilt. There was one peculiarity to the Dalemen,
they could understand the speech of thrushes. It was by this method
that the weakness of Smaug was told to Bard. After the rebuilding of Dale, Bard became its first king.
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Dunlendings: The Men of Dunland. They had a long-running hatred of the Rohirrim
who had taken most of their land when it was given by Gondor. This
hatred flamed up many times in their history. The last recorded
time was the Battle of Helm's Deep. In that battle the Dunlendings
were allied with Saruman. They had their own language and customs.
Their language sounded to most people to be the screaming of birds
and beasts.
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Durin's Crown: The Dwarves name for the Plough, also called the Sickle.
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Durin's Day: The first day of the Dwarves New Year. It was on this day that
Bilbo and the dwarves in the quest of Erebor gained entrance to
the Lonely Mountain.
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The Doom of the Noldor: The prophecy that was spoken by Mandos concerning the fate of those of the Noldor who followed Fëanor when he left Aman. It was also called the Prophecy of the North, and has been considered as much a curse as a prophecy. The words of the prophecy are: Tears unnumbered ye shall shed; and the Valar will
fence Valinor against you, and shut you out, so that not even the echo
of your lamentation shall pass over the moutains. On the House of Fëanor
the wrath of the Valar lieth from the West unto the uttermost East, and
upon all that will follow them it shall be laid also. Their Oath shall
drive them, and yet betray them, and ever snatch away the very treasures
that they have sworn to pursue. To evil end shall all things turn that
they begin well; and by treason of kin unto kin and the fear of treason,
shall this come to pass. The Disposessed shall they be forever. This doom affected even those who, like Galadriel, had no intention
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Éored: A company of Rohirrim cavalry. It consists of a minimum of 120
horsemen.
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Elanor: A golden flower that grew in Lothlórien. The name translates as
"Sun-star" from el meaning star, and
anor which translates as sun. It was
described as a small golden flower.
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Entmoot: A gathering of ents. According to Treebeard, this is extremely
rare. Entmoots also last for a long time. The one mentioned in the
Lord of the Rings lasted for three days, and that was considered
a short one.
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Flets: The homes of the Galadhrim. Flets were platforms built in trees.
Some were more complex than others, such as that of Galadriel and Celeborn.
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Fang: One of the three dogs belonging to Farmer Maggot. The other two were Grip and Wolf.
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Fatty Lumpkin: The pony belonging to Tom Bombadil. Fatty Lumpkin was a larger
pony, probably between 13.2 hands and 14.2 hands if the border point
between horses and ponies was the same in Middle-Earth. He was also
an older pony.
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The First Age of the Sun: The First Age of the Sun. The beginning of the First Age of the Sun was when the Sun first rose, and the end, when Beleriand was destroyed in the war between the Valar and Morgoth. Other events in the First Age included the following:
The building of Gondolin
Morgoth's breeding of the race of Dragons
The Eldar meeting the Atani in Beleriand The first of the Noldor to meet any of the Atani was Finrod Felagund and he met with the House of Bëor.
The Quest of the Silmaril This ended with Beren wedding Lúthien and of this line came Elwing and eventually the Half-Elven and the line of the Kings of Númenor.
Nirnaeth Arnoediad, The Battle of Unnumbered Tears
Dagor Aglareb, the Glorious Battle
The Fall of Gondolin, the longest lasting of the realms of the Elves
in Beleriand
This is a small selection of the events of the First Age of the
Sun.
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The Fourth Age of the Sun: The Fourth Age of the Sun was the beginning of the Dominion of
Men. The Rings of Power had either been destroyed or had lost their
power, the Keepers of the Three and the Ringbearers had sailed into
the West and a King had returned to Gondor. Aragorn, the first king
of the Reunited Kingdom was crowned in the last years of the Third
Age of the Sun, and died in the year 120 of the Fourth Age. This
is the final Age recorded in the Red Book that we know of. The majority
of the remaining Elves left Middle-Earth in this Age.
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Grip: One of the three dogs belonging to Farmer Maggot. The other two were Fang and Wolf.
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Haradrim: The Men of Harad. Also called Southrons, the Haradrim served Sauron.
It was the Men of Harad who used the Mûmak as war-beasts in the
War of the Ring.
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Hasufel: The horse Éomer loaned to Aragorn.
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Half-Orcs: Bred by Saruman in Isengard, the Half-Orcs were used as spies and
soldiers in his search for the One Ring and his fight with Rohan.
They were bred from Men and Orcs. Some were less orc-like than others,
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Huan: Wolfhound of the Valar, Huan went to Middle-Earth with Celegorm.
Fated to speak three times before he died, and only to die at the
hands of the mightiest of the Werewolves, Huan left Celegorm, with
Lúthien, and aided her in freeing Beren from the dungeons of Sauron.
Huan died at the hands of Carcharoth, when they finally found him
during the hunt.
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These are trees that are able to move. In Fangorn Forest, they
were cared for by the Ents. It is believed that many of the trees
of The Old Forest were also Huorns, given their behavior as Merry
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Ithildin: A substance made of Mithril. It was only visible under the light
of moon and stars after certain words were spoken: |
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Kingsfoil: The name for Athelas in the Common Speech. It was by this name
that Ioreth knew Athelas.
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Leaf: A name for Pipeweed. The best leaf was grown in the Southfarthing
of the Shire. |
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Laurelin: The Tree of Gold, Laurelin was the younger of the two Trees in Valinor. The other was Teleperion. Laurelin had leaves of green, edged with gold. The
tree was one of the two sources of light that lit the Undying Lands. It was killed by Melkor and Ungoliant. However, before Laurelin died, the tree was
able to produce one fruit, which became the Sun. |
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Mithril: A metal found only in Khazad-dûm, it was highly prized by the Atani,
the Eldar, and the Dwarves. Sauron coveted it and did his best to collect
it all. Mithril was called True-silver and many other names. It
could be forged into a light hard substance like steel, it had the
shine of silver but never tarnished. After the discovery of the
Balrog, when Khazad-dûm was abandoned and gained the name the Mines
of Moria, most of the Mithril was gathered by the goblins and orcs
inhabiting Moria and given to Sauron in tribute. By the end of the
Third Age of the Sun, the only mithril items known (or named) were
Bilbo's dwarf mail, the Elven Ring, Nenya, the helms of the Guards
of the Citadel of Minas Tirith. Mithril had many uses including
Ithildin, as seen on the gates of Moria.
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Mallorn: Mallorn trees had silver trunks and golden leaves and flowers.
The leaves stay on the trees until spring, when the wood becomes
roofed and floored with gold, with silver pillars. The only places
in Middle-Earth that Mallorn Trees grew were Lothlórien and later
one grew in the Party Field in the Shire. This single Mallorn was
the gift of Galadriel to Sam Gamgee, and it was the only Mallorn
west of the Mountains and East of the Sea.
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Mallos: A golden flower known to grow in Lebennin.
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Niphredil: A flower growing in Lothlórien. It was most probably a pale white
flower.
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Nahar: The horse ridden by Orome when he ventured out into Arda. Nahar is said to
have been white in colour, and to have had golden hooves. An alternative also
suggested is that Nahar had been shod with gold.
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Old Man Willow: An old willow tree standing by the banks of the Withywindle in the Old Forest. He is a bit of an enigma. Old Man Willow is most probably one of the
Black Huorns of the sort mentioned by Treebeard. He seemed to obey Tom Bombadil.
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Onondrim: The elvish name for the race of Ents.
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Olog-hai: A race of trolls. The Olog-hai were different from most trolls
in that they were cunning and able to stand the sunlight. Most
likely they spoke the Black Speech. They were bred by Sauron and
it was unlikely that they survived for long after his downfall.
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Pipeweed: An herb grown by the hobbits. The "art" of smoking pipeweed spread from the hobbits to Men, Dwarves
and Wizards most likely through Bree. The true pipeweed was discovered
and first grown in the Shire by Tolbold Hornblower.
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The Party Tree: A tree in the field behind Bag-End. At Bilbo's 111th birthday it
was enclosed in the family pavilion. It was covered in lights and
after dinner, Bilbo spoke his farewell speech under it. The Party
Tree, as it was know afterwards, was cut down by Saruman and the
ruffians he had brought in to the Shire in the year 3019. Sam planted
the seed he was given by Galadriel in it's place and there grew
the only Mallorn between the Misty Mountains and the Sea.
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The Rohirrim: The people of Rohan. The land of Rohan was given to Eorl the Young in reward for their aid in the Battle of the Field of Celebrant. For Eorl and his men arrived just in time to save Gondor from losing the battle. The Rohirrim were amazing horse-breeders and horsemen. Always they
were allies of Gondor, aiding her when they were able.
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Rhymes of Lore: The Rhymes of Lore were a way of remembering old facts. The only one recorded was (LOTR.620): Tall Ships and tall Kings Pippin said that Hobbits have their own rhymes of lore, so it is
likely that each people or culture had their own set.
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Shadowfax: The horse that Gandalf found in Rohan. Shadowfax was described
to the Council of Elrond: Shadowfax was the lord of the Mearas, those horses that only the lords of Rohan could ride, descended from the horse of Eorl. It is almost certain that he passed into the West with Gandalf and the Ringbearers in the year 3021 in the Shire Reckoning. Shadowfax was given to Gandalf by Théoden, during the War of the
Ring.
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Stybba: The pony given to Merry by Théoden. He is described as being grey and rather shaggy. |
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Strider: The pony that Frodo rode back from Minas Tirith and rode on the
journey to the Grey Havens.
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Sharp-Ears: One of the ponies belonging to Merry. Sharp-Ears was named such
during the hobbits stay with Tom Bombadil. When the Prancing Pony
Inn was raided, the ponies fled to Bombadil, who later sent them
to Butterbur.
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Swish-Tail: One of the ponies belonging to Merry. Swish-Tail was named such
during the hobbits stay with Tom Bombadil. When the Prancing Pony
Inn was raided, the ponies fled to Bombadil, who later sent them
to Butterbur.
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Simbelmynë: These were the flowers that grew on the Rohirrim barrow-graves.
The translation from the Rohirrim tongue is "evermind". The flowers were special in that they bloomed in all four seasons,
winter, spring, summer and fall: |
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The Second Age of the Sun: In the beginning of this Age, Númenor was raised as a reward for the Edain that had fought on the side of the Valar. Near the end of the Age, Númenor was destroyed and the end of the Age was the end of the War of the Last Alliance. Other events of the Second Age include: The building of Barad-Dûr in Mordor The creation of the Rings of Power and the One Ring The appearance of the Ringwraiths or Nazgul The founding of Gondor and Arnor after the destruction of Númenor
Númenor | Valinor | Sauron | Ar-Pharazon | The War of the Last Alliance | Mordor | Gil-Galad | Elendil | The One Ring | Rings of Power | The First Age of the Sun | The Ages of the Lamps | The Ages of the Stars | The Ages of the Trees | The Third Age of the Sun | The Fourth Age of the Sun |
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The Two Trees: Created by Yavanna, the Two Trees were grown in Valinor. They gave
out light in a fourteen hour cycle. The first cycle began the Ages
of the Trees. These ages lasted until Melkor and Ungoliant killed
and poisoned them. Now the only remaining sample of this light is
in the Silmarils.
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The Third Age of the Sun: The Third Age of the Sun was an age of fighting against Sauron. The end of the Age was the War of the Ring and the events surrounding that war. Some of the events in this Age included:
The death of Isildur and the loss of the One Ring
The rise and fall of the North Kingdom of Arnor
The forging of the Rings of Power
The ending of the line of the Kings of Gondor
The taking of Minas Ithil: After this, Minas Ithil was renamed Minas Morgul and Minas Anor, Minas Tirith, the Tower of Guard
The forging of the One Ring
The enslavement of the Nazgûl
Smaug's coming. The ruin of Dale and of the Lonely Mountain
The coming of the Istari:
Alatar (One of the Blue Wizards)
Pallando (The other Blue Wizard)
Radagast the Brown
Curunrír (Saruman the White)
Olórin (Gandalf the Grey, also called Mithrandir)
The destruction of Smaug and the re-taking of Erebor
The finding of the One Ring
Sauron's hunt for the Ring
The destruction of the One Ring
The sailing of the Keepers of the Three and the Ringbearers
The end of the Third Age came when the Ringbearers Frodo, and Bilbo
Baggins sailed with the Keepers of the Three Rings, into the West
in the year 3021 of the Third Age. Some of the events were described
in the Red Book of Westmarch. Those parts published now bear the
names The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
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The dwelling-place of Ilúvatar and of the
Ainur before the creation of Arda. The Timeless Halls were located within the Void.
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Teleperion: One of the Two Trees of Valinor, and the elder of the two, Teleperion was the source of the flower which was formed into the Moon. From it's green and
silver leaves, dripped a silver dew, which was collected. It was from this dew that Varda made some of the brighter stars. Teleperion was killed by Morgoth
and Ungoliant, along with Laurelin the other of the two Trees. |
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Tengwar: The tengwar letters were developed during the Ages of the Trees in Aman. Their original creator was Rúmil, but they were later reworked by Fëanor. These letters, as designed by Fëanor, were eventually spread across Arda, being used in the Undying Lands, Númenor and Middle-Earth. The tengwar designed by Rúmil have never been seen outside of Aman. Unlike the Cirth, the tengwar were created to be written with a brush or a pen, and therefore were designed with curving lines. There were several modes of writing using the tengwar. In the most common
two, the vowels were indicated by marks above the consonants. One form
was more typical of Quenya writing, where the vowels were above the preceding
consonant, while in Sindarin writing, the vowel was usually above the following
consonant. In both modes, the vowel signs were called tehtar. In the third
mode, the vowels had full letter symbols of their own. This is the form
shown on the cover pages of the Red Book.
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Uruk-hai: The Uruk-hai were larger and more able to stand the sun. They were
bred by both Sauron and Saruman. They first appeared late in the
Third Age. By the time of the War of the Ring, they were the common
soldiers for both Saruman and Sauron.
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Variags: The Variags of Khand were Men who were allied with Sauron at the
time of the War of the Ring.
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The Void: The Timeless Halls and the Circles of the World are contained within
the Void.
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The White Tree: Created by Yavanna for the Elves, a seedling of the White Tree,
called Nimloth, was given to the Númenoreans, where it grew in the
Kings Court at Romenna. Just before the downfall of Númenor, a seedling
was stolen by Isildur. It was safe on one of the of the ships that
escaped the downfall, and was first planted in Minas Ithil. After
the War of the Last Alliance, one of the seedlings was planted in
Minas Anor, later Minas Tirith. This tree died in 1636 in the Great
Plague. Another seedling was planted after by king Tarondor. This
tree died in 2852 and no sapling or seed could be found to replace
it so it was left standing. Aragorn found a sapling on the slopes
of Mindoluin and replaced the dead Tree, which was laid to rest
in the same manner that one of the Kings of Gondor would have been.
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Wolf: The third of Farmer Maggot's dogs.
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Wise-nose: One of the ponies belonging to Merry. Wise-nose was named such
during the hobbits stay with Tom Bombadil. When the Prancing Pony
Inn was raided, the ponies fled to Bombadil, who later sent them
to Butterbur.
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White-Socks: One of the ponies belonging to Merry. White-socks was named such
during the hobbits stay with Tom Bombadil. When the Prancing Pony
Inn was raided, the ponies fled to Bombadil, who later sent them
to Butterbur. White-socks seems to have been the smallest of the
ponies.
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Yuledays: The two days at the end and beginning of each year in the Shire-Reckoning.
They didn't belong to any month and were days of festivities. |
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| Books Used in this Document: The
Lord of the Rings The
Silmarillion The
Unfinished Tales The
Hobbit The
Complete Guide to Middle Earth by Robert Foster
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