Aragorn:

He was born in the year 2931 of the Third Age of the Sun. Throughout his life, Aragorn went under many names, including:

Strider:
This was the name that he used in the Bree-area, and the one that Merry and Pippin were the most comfortable using. I don't think he chose the name, as (LOTR.265-266) he says: Travellers scowl at us and countrymen give us scornful names. "Strider" I am to one fat man who lives within a day's march of foes that would freeze his heart, or or lay his little town in ruin, if he were not guarded ceaselessly.
Dúnadan:
This is the name often used in Rivendell. It is elvish and translates as Bilbo says: But I thought you knew enough Elvish at least to know dún-adan: Man of the West, Númenorean. (LOTR.249)
Elessar:
This is the name foretold for Aragorn, and was chosen for him by the people he later ruled. The name came from the gift of the elftstone from Galadriel, during the Company of the Ring's stay in Lothlórien.
Thorongil:
This was the name he used on one of his expeditions to Gondor and Rohan, during the reign of the Steward Ecthellion II. It translates as "Eägle of the Star" because of the star of the North he wore on his cloak.

Aragorn met Arwen in Rivendell when he was 20 in the year 2951. He fell in love with her and was told that Elrond would not wed his daughter to any other than the King of both the North Kingdom (Arnor) and Gondor. This finally happened after the War of the Ring in the year 3019 of the Third Age. During the War of the Ring, Aragorn acted as the guide of the Company of the Ring from Moria, to the falls of Rauros, after which he was in pursuit of the orcs that had taken captive Merry and Pippin. From the Paths of the Dead, Aragorn acted as a captain of the armies of the West, and after the Battle of the Pelennor Fields as the commander of the Host of the West.

After the War of the Ring, Aragorn ruled the Reunited Kingdom until the year 120 of the Fourth Age, when he laid down his life of his own free will as was once the custom for the Númenorean Kings.

Arwen:

Arwen was the daughter of Elrond and his wife Celebrían. She was born in the year 251 of the Third Age and lived in both Rivendell and Lothlórien. After she fell in love with Aragorn, she had to wait until after the War of the Ring before she was permitted to wed him. She died upon Cerin Amroth in the year 121 of the Fourth Age, as after she married Aragorn she became mortal and thus subject to dying of old age. She too died of her own free will. It was said that in Arwen's beauty, she had the looks of Lúthien Tinúviel, the first of the Elves to form a union with a Man.

Aulë:

One of the Valar, Aulë created the Dwarves out of a desire to have someone he could teach his skills to. He delighted in craftsmanship and the substances out of which the earth was made. Aulë taught his skills to many of the Noldor. To the Dwarves, he was called Mahal. Some of Aulë's most famous works included the Two Lamps and the vessels in which the fruit and flower of Laurelin and Teleperion are contained to form the Sun and the Moon. He is married to Yavanna, and they dwell together in Valinor.

Anárion:

The younger son of Elendil, Anárion was born in NÚmenor, and died in the year 3340 of the Second Age of the Sun, killed by a large stone in the siege of Barad-Dûr. As far as I can find, there is no record of his year of birth. It was probably destroyed by the passing of time, or in the downfall of Númenor. Before the War of the Last Alliance, Isildur and Anárion were both rulers of Gondor, under their father Elendil. Anárion's city was Minas Anor, the Tower of the Sun, later known as Minas Tirith, the Tower of Guard.

Amras:

One of the two youngest sons of Fëanor and his wife Nerdanel, Amras was the twin brother of Amrod. Amras was slain at the siege of the Havens of the Sirion.

Amrod:

Son of Fëanor and Nerdanel, and the twin brother of Amras. Amrod was also slain at the Havens of the Sirion.

Arvedui:

Arvedui was the fifteenth and last king of Arnor. It was fortold by Malbeth the Seer at his birth that he would be the last king of Arnor and so his name literally means 'last king'. Arvedui came to rule Arnor in 1964 of the Third Age of the Sun. He ruled until 1974, when Arnor was finally overcome by the armies of the Witch-King.

During his reign, Arnor was fighting the forces of the Witch-King of Angmar. They were over-run and Arvedui sent his sons to Lindon for safety. Arvedui himself remained in hiding on the North Downs and eventually fled north into the region of Forochel where he took refuge with the Men living there. He died in 1975, when the ship sent by Cirdan was crushed by the icebergs.

Arathorn II:

Born in the year 2873 of the Third Age of the Sun, Arathorn was the fifteenth Chieftain of the Dúnedain. He married Gilraen in the year 2929. Arathorn was killed fighting orcs along side Elladan and Elrohir, the sons of Elrond in 2933 of the Third Age of the Sun, leaving his young son, Aragorn as the next Chieftain of the Dúnedain.

The Lord of the Rings
The Silmarillion
The Hobbit
The Complete Guide to Middle Earth by Robert Foster