Frodo Baggins:

Born in the year 2968, Frodo Baggins was adopted by Bilbo Baggins as his heir, in the year 2980. Frodo's birthday was the same as Bilbo, September 22. In 3001, after Bilbo disappeared, Frodo took ownership of Bag End, and of the Ring, though at that time it was not know exactly what the Ring was, though Gandalf had some suspicions. In the year 3018, Gandalf finally discovered that the ring was the One Ring, and on September 23 of that year, Frodo left the Shire secretly with Sam, Merry and Pippin. After an adventure in the Old Forest, they met Tom Bombadil who helped them later escape the Barrow-wights. There they each received an old knife from the mound so that the spell on the mound would be broken. They met Strider in Bree, and he led them to Weathertop, where they were all ambushed by the Nazgûl. There Frodo was wounded by a Morgul-knife. Seventeen days later they made it to Rivendell, after another near escape from the Black Riders at the ford of Bruinien. At the Fords of Bruinien Two months later, with the addition of Gandalf, Boromir, Legolas and Gimli to the Company, they left to destroy the Ring in the Cracks of Doom in Mordor. This adventure is retold in the Lord of the Rings, as the selections from the Red Book of Westmarch dealing with this are now known.

Faramir:

The younger son of Denthor, Faramir was born five years after his brother Boromir, in the year 2983 of the Third Age. Unlike his brother, Faramir was a gentle man who preferred music to fighting. He was a brave captain though, in battle and all his men loved him.

After the death of Boromir, Faramir became Denethor's heir, and the captain of the White Tower. After being wounded by a Southron dart, and being affected by the Black Breath of the Nazgûl, Faramir was nearly burned alive by his father, when Denethor chose to burn himself. He was saved by Beregond, and by Gandalf. Faramir was healed by Aragorn, after the Battle of the Pelennor fields. Faramir was technically the last of the Ruling Stewards, though he only prepared the City for the coming of the King. After the Crowning of Aragorn, Faramir was given Ithilien and made a prince. He remained the Steward after the crowning of Aragorn.

Finwë:

One of the three ambassadors to Valinor, Finwë was the King of the Noldor. He was the first elf to be killed and he was killed by Morgoth in Valinor. Finwe was the father of Fëanor. When Míriel, his first wife died, he married Indis and had two more sons: Fingolfin and Finarfin.

Fëanor:

The first son of Finwë, and the greatest craftsman of the Noldor, Fëanor created the Silmarils and probably the Palantíri. He married Nerdanel and had a total of seven sons, Celegorm, Curufin, Maglor, Maedhros, Amrod, Amras and Caranthir. When Morgoth stole the Silmarils, Fëanor and his sons swore vengeance and to recover the Silmarils. Fëanor died in Middle-Earth. Though he realized at his death that they would not be able to recover the Silmarils, he pressed his sons to continue the fight anyway. Fëanor is the name by which most know of him, but at his birth he was called Curufinwë.

Finrod Felagund:

The King in Narogthrond, Finrod had sworn himself to help any of the line of Barahir, Beren's father. When Beren reached Narogthrond, in search of aid, Finrod and ten others aided him as far as what was once the Tower of Guard, Minas Tirith, but had been taken by Sauron. There they were captured, and one at a time eaten by Werewolves. There Finrod died, in his own watchtower. Lúthien freed Beren, and destroyed the tower. There on the island they buried Finrod.

Fíli:

A near relative of Thorin Oakenshield, Fíli went with him on the Quest of Erebor, also with him was his brother Kíli. Neither survived the Battle of the Five Armies.

Fladrif:

One of the three ents left at the end of the Third Age of the Sun who had survived from the First Age of the Sun. The other two were Finglas and Fangorn.

Finglas:

One of the three ents left at the end of the Third Age of the Sun who had survived from the First Age of the Sun. The other two were Fladrif and Fangorn.

Fangorn:

The eldest of the Ents and one of only three remaining from the First Age: Only three remain of the first Ents that walked in the woods before the Darkness: only myself, Fangorn, and Finglas and Fladrif- to give them their Elvish names; you may call them Leaflock and Skinbark if you like that better. (LOTR.496)

Fangorn rescued Merry and Pippin when they escaped the orcs that had carried them across Rohan. Later their news caused Fangorn to call an Entmoot at which it was decided to march on Isengard. Fangorn also directed many of the Huorns to raise the siege on Helms Deep.

In the First Age, it is believed that Fangorn walked the forests of Beleriand.

Fingolfin:

Fingolfin was the first of the two children born to Finwë's second wife, Indis. He and his younger brother Finarfin were half-brothers to Fëanor. He led those of the Noldor who had been deserted by Fëanor over the Helcaraxë. Once in Beleriand, Fingolfin established his people in the region of Hithlum and prepared for a long war. After the death of Feanor, Fingolfin was named the High King of the Noldor.

During the Dagor Bragollach, Fingolfin challenged Morgoth to single combat as told in the Silmarillion:
Therefore Morgoth came, climbing slowly from his subterranean throne, and the rumor of his feet was like thunder underground. And he issued forth clad in black armour; and he stood before the King like a tower, iron-crowned, and his vast shield, sable unblazoned, cast a shadow over him like a stormcloud. But Fingolfin gleamed beneath it as a star; for his mail was overlaid with silver, and his blue shield was set with crystals; and he drew his sword Ringil, that glittered like ice.
Then Morgoth hurled aloft Grond, the Hammer of the Underworld, and swung it down like a bolt of thunder. But Fingolfin sprang aside, and Grond rent a mighty pit in the earth whence smoke and fire darted. Many times Morgoth essayed to smite him, and each time Fingolfin leaped away, as a lighting shoots from under a dark cloud; and he wounded Morgoth with seven wounds, and seven times Morgoth gave a cry of anguish, whereat the hosts of Angband fell upon their faces in dismay, and the cries echoed in the Northlands.
But at last the King grew weary, and Morgoth bore down his shield upon him. Thrice he was crushed to his knees, and thrice arose again and bore up his broken shield and stricken helm. But the earth was all rent and pitted about him, and he stumbled and fell backward before the feet of Morgoth; and Morgoth set his left foot upon his neck, and the weight of it was like a fallen hill. Yet with his last and desperate stroke Fingolfin hewed the foot with Ringil, and the blood gushed forth black and smoking and filled the pits of Grond.
Thus died Fingolfin, High King of the Noldor, most proud and valiant of the Elven-Kings of old. The Orcs made no boast of that duel at the gate; neither do the Elves sing of it, for their sorrow is too deep. (S. 184-185)

Finduilas of Dol Amroth:

Born in the year 2950 of the Third Age of the Sun to Adrahil of Dol Amroth, Finduilas married Denethor, the Steward of Gondor in the year 2976. She bore him two sons, Boromir and Faramir. However, she missed the sea and died only twelve years after her marriage, in the year 2988.

Finarfin:

One of the princes of the Noldorin Elves, Finarfin was the third son of Finwë. His mother was Indis. He has been called by many, the fairest and wisest of the sons of Finwë. Though he initially followed his brother, Fëanor on his march into Middle-Earth, Finarfin turned back, leading many of the Noldor with him. On his return to Valinor, he became the High King of the Noldor. He led his people in the Great Battle where Morgoth was overthrown.

Galadriel and Finrod Felagund were the two best known of Finarfin's five children.

The Lord of the Rings
The Silmarillion
The Hobbit
The Complete Guide to Middle Earth by Robert Foster