Númenor:

The island given as a gift to the Edain at the end of the First Age of the Sun. It was given as a reward for their fight against Morgoth. Númenor was nearer to the Undying Lands than to Middle-Earth. Nevertheless, the Men of Númenor were not permitted to sail to either Tol Eressëa or the Undying Lands. Instead they became great mariners and explored Middle-Earth. The Island of Númenor was in the form of a star with five arms, as can be seen in the picture to the right. A clearer view is given of the fragments of books remaining that have been gathered into the Unfinished Tales, for there is a map of Númenor as well as several tales surviving from the Third Age.

Near the end of the Second Age of the Sun Númenor was destroyed as told in the Alkallabêth. Only nine ships survived this disaster and of them came the realms of Arnor and Gondor, the realms in Exile. Other names for Númenor include:

Westernesse
Andore, (the Land of Gift)
Atalantë (The Downfallen. This name was only given after the Downfall, when Númenor was no more)
Elenna

The Northfarthing:

The northernmost of the four central regions of the Shire. The Northfarthing was known for it's hunting and for barley. This was also the only region in the Shire where snow was common.

Narogthrond:

The home of Finrod Felagund, Narogthrond was nigh to the river Narog in the First age of the Sun. It was destroyed by the dragon Glaurung.

Nevrast:

A region in Beleriand on the coast.

The Hobbit
The Lord of the Rings
The Silmarillion
The Complete Guide to Middle-Earth by Robert Foster
The Unfinished Tales