Ered Luin:

The Ered Luin are the Blue Mountains. During the First Age, this mountain range was the eastern boundary of Beleriand. At the end of the First Age, they were split by the gulf of Lhûn. There were at least two dwarf-cities in the Blue Mountains during the First Age, and at least one partially survived as it is said that Dwarves still passed through the Shire on their way to their cities in the Blue Mountains.

The Eastfarthing:

The easternmost section of the original Shire. The eastern border of the Eastfarthing was the Brandywine River. Later, the region of Buckland, across the Brandywine River was added to the Shire.

Ered Lithui:

The Ash Mountains on the northern border of Mordor.

Ephel Dúath:

The Mountains of Shadow on Mordor's western border. The only known pass through this range is Cirith Ungol, the Spider Pass, also known as the Morgul Pass.

Esgaroth:

Often called Lake-Town, Esgaroth was built on posts driven into the Long Lake. The original town was destroyed when Smaug fell upon it in his death. It was later rebuilt somewhat to the north of the original site. The posts and the body could be seen much later, untouched.

Edoras:

The capital city of Rohan. Edoras apparently had a dike, wall and thorny fence surrounding it:
"I see a white stream that comes down from the snows," he said. "Where it issues from the shadow of the vale a green hill rises upon the east. A dike and mighty wall and thorny fence encircle it. Within there rise the roofs of houses; and in the midst, set upon a green terrace, there stands aloft a great hall of Men. And it seems to my eyes that it is thatched with gold. The light of it shines far over the land. golden, too, are the posts of its doors."(LOTR.528-529)

The Emyn Muil:

A region of fairly barren cliffs on each side of the Anduin River. At the base of the cliffs were often bogs and fens: We can't get down, and if we did get down, we'd find all that green land a nasty bog, I'll warrant. (LOTR.627)

In earlier days the Emyn Muil were covered with trees, though they were gnarled and stunted, though by the time of the War of the Ring, few trees still lived.
Some way down they found a few gnarled and stunted trees, the first they had seen for days: twisted birch for the most part, with here and there a fir-tree. Many were dead and gaunt, bitten to the core by the eastern winds. Once in milder days there must have been a fair thicket in the ravine, but now, after some fifty yards, the trees came to an end, though old broken stumps straggled on almost to the clif's brink. (LOTR.629-630)

Erebor:

The Lonely Mountain. Erebor was first settled just after Moria was deserted, and later attracted the attention of Smaug, who until the Quest to destroy Smaug was successful in the year 2941 of the Third Age. After this Erebor thrived and continued to grow. There is no record of what end it finally came to, if any, Erebor may still be in existence.

Eregion:

During the Second Age of the Sun, Eregion, which was nigh to the West-Gate of Moria, was settled by the Elven-Smiths. It was ruined and abandoned in the year 1697 of the Second Age, during their war with Sauron.

The Hobbit
The Lord of the Rings
The Silmarillion
The Complete Guide to Middle-Earth by Robert Foster
The Unfinished Tales